طراحی مدل یکپارچه توسعه کارآفرینی در مناطق روستایی با رویکرد توسعه پایدار
محورهای موضوعی :
1 - دانشگاه گنبد کاووس
کلید واژه: کلمات کلیدی: توسعه پایدار, کارآفرینی روستایی, دیده¬بان جهانی کارآفرینی, عوامل محیط کارآفرینانه.,
چکیده مقاله :
کارآفرینی روستایی، موتور رشد و پویایی اقتصادی و توسعۀ اجتماعی در مناطق روستایی است که علی¬رغم اهمیت آن، از سوی برنامه ریزان توسعه و پژوهشگران این حوزه، کمتر مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. با توجه به ماهیت نوآورانه و پویای کارآفرینی در مناطق روستایی و اهمیت رویکردهای حفظ زیست بوم در روستاها، یکی از دغدغه¬های سیاست‌گذاران و برنامه ریزان، شناسایی مهمترین عوامل و شاخص¬های ارزش¬آفرین است تا با توجه به این عوامل، سطح فعالیت‌های کارآفرینانه را ارتقا بخشیده و به اهداف آن از جمله ایجاد شغل، رشد اقتصادی و کاهش فقر نائل شد. لذا هدف از انجام این پژوهش، طراحی مدل یکپارچه توسعه کارآفرینی در مناطق روستایی با رویکرد توسعه پایدار است. در این پژوهش، با استفاده از روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی، تحقیقات و پژوهش¬های انجام شده در حوزه توسعۀ کارآفرینی در مناطق روستایی، بررسی شده و الگویی ترکیبی برای آن ارائه شده است. جامعه و نمونه¬ آماری، مطالعات و تحقیقات مرتبط با موضوع پژوهش بوده است. بدین منظور، ابتدا منابع مرتبط، به¬دقت گردآوری و بررسی شده، مولفه¬ها و متغیرهای مورد توجه در هرکدام از تحقیقات، بررسی و استخراج شدند. سپس بر اساس تشابه و نزدیکی بین مفاهیم، محورهای اصلی مشخص شده و دسته¬بندی موضوعی صورت-گرفت. یافته¬های این پژوهش منجر به شناسایی 6 عامل اصلی در دو بُعد عوامل توسعۀ کارآفرینی روستایی و عوامل محیط کارآفرینانه شد. عوامل توسعۀ کارآفرینی روستایی شامل چهارده متغیر ارزش¬آفرین در سه مولفه ایجاد و تقویت نگرشهای کارآفرینانه، بروز رفتارهای کارآفرینانه و نتایج توسعه¬ای کارآفرینانه بود. در بُعد عوامل محیط کارآفرینانه نیز نوزده متغیر در سه سطح توسعۀ اقتصاد منبع¬محور، اقتصاد کارآیی¬محور و اقتصاد نوآوری¬محور شناسایی شد. در نهایت روایی و پایایی مدل با استفاده از شاخص کاپا اندازه گیری شد که برابر با 0.857 محاسبه شد و در سطح توافق عالی قرار گرفت. در انتهای مقاله نیز پیشنهادهایی برای ارتقاء کارآفرینی روستایی مطرح شد.
Hadi Sanaeepour Abstract Rural entrepreneurship is the engine of economic growth and dynamism and social development in rural areas, which, despite its importance, has received little attention from development planners and researchers in this field. Considering the innovative and dynamic nature of entrepreneurship in rural areas and the importance of ecological conservation approaches in villages, one of the concerns of policymakers and planners is to identify the most important value-creating factors and indicators so that according to these factors, the level of activities promoted entrepreneurship and achieved its goals including job creation, economic growth and poverty reduction. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to design an integrated model of entrepreneurship development in rural areas with a sustainable development approach. In this research, using the qualitative content analysis method, researches and researches conducted in the field of entrepreneurship development in rural areas have been examined and a composite model has been presented for it. The population and statistical sample, studies and researches have been related to the subject of the research. For this purpose, firstly, related sources were carefully collected and examined, the components and variables of interest in each of the researches were examined and extracted. Then, based on the similarity and closeness between the concepts, the main axes were identified and thematic classification was made. The findings of this research led to the identification of 6 main factors in the two dimensions of rural entrepreneurship development factors and entrepreneurial environment factors. The development factors of rural entrepreneurship included fourteen value-creating variables in three components of creating and strengthening entrepreneurial attitudes, emergence of entrepreneurial behaviors and entrepreneurial development results. In the dimension of entrepreneurial environment factors, nineteen variables were identified in three levels of resource-oriented economic development, efficiency-oriented economy and innovation-oriented economy. Finally, the validity and reliability of the model was measured using the Kappa index, which was calculated as 0.857 and placed at the level of excellent agreement. At the end of the article, suggestions were made to promote rural entrepreneurship.
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