بررسی عوامل موثر بر نرخ سود بانکی با تاکید بر سرمایه گذاری و توسعه اقتصادی
محورهای موضوعی : Economic
1 - مربی، کارشناسی ارشد حسابداری، گروه حسابداری، دانشگاه ملی مهارت، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: تورم, رشد اقتصادی, سود,
چکیده مقاله :
بانك ها وظايف مهمي را در نظام اقتصادی به عهده دارند كه شامل تجهيز پس اندازها و واسطه گري، تسهيل جريانات پرداخت، تخصيص اعتبارات و برقراري نظم مالي است. حتي در اقتصادهايي كه داراي بازارهاي مالي پيشرفته اي هستند، بانك ها در كانون فعاليت هاي مالي و اقتصادي قرار دارند و نقطه اتكايي براي اعمال سياست هاي پولي و مهار تورم به حساب مي آيند. در ايران به دليل تحريم هاي اقتصادي كه موجب ناتواني در تامين منابع مالي از مسيرهاي بين المللي شده اند، اتكای نظام اقتصادي به نظام پولي -بانكي شديدا افزايش پيدا كرده و سبب تاثيرگذاري بالاي نرخ سود تسهيلات بانكي بر سرمايه گذاري و به تبع آن بر متغيرهاي كلان اقتصادي ايران شده اند. با توجه به بالا بودن نرخ تورم در اقتصاد ایران و قدرت ابزارهای بانکی در مهار آن، پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی عوامل موثر بر نرخ سود سپرده بانکی در سال 1403 با نمونه 10 ساله اخیر انجام شده است. پژوهش از لحاظ روش گردآوری داده ها توصیفی( شاخه همبستگی) و از لحاظ هدف کاربردی است. داده ها از طریق اسناد کتابخانه ای گردآوری و با کمک آزمون رگرسیون تحلیل شد. پژوهش با فرض قرار دادن نرخ تورم، حجم تسهیلات بانکی، تعداد شعب بانک ها، جمعیت کشور و تولید ناخالص داخلی به عنوان عوامل موثر بر نرخ سود بانکی به این نتیجه رسید که حجم تسهیلات بانکی ارتباط خطی منفی و معنادار، نرخ تورم، حجم تسهیلات بانکی، جمعیت کشور و تولید ناخالص داخلی ارتباط غیرخطی درجه دوم معناداری با نرخ سود بانکی دارد. به این ترتیب جهت تعیین نرخ سود بانکی لازم است حجم تسهیلات بانکی و تورم را مدنظر قرار داد تا ضمن کنترل تورم زمینه رشد و توسعه اقتصادی را فراهم آورد.
Banks play important roles in the economic system, including the provision of savings and intermediation, facilitating payment flows, allocating credit, and establishing financial order. Even in economies with advanced financial markets, banks are at the center of financial and economic activities and are considered a fulcrum for implementing monetary policies and controlling inflation. In Iran, due to economic sanctions that have caused the inability to secure financial resources from international channels, the economic system's reliance on the monetary-banking system has increased sharply, causing the high impact of bank facility interest rates on investment and, consequently, on Iran's macroeconomic variables. Given the high inflation rate in the Iranian economy and the power of banking tools to control it, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the factors affecting bank deposit interest rates in 2024 with a sample of the last 10 years. The study is descriptive in terms of data collection method (correlation branch) and applied in terms of purpose. Data were collected through library documents and analyzed with the help of regression test. The research, assuming inflation rate, volume of bank facilities, number of bank branches, country's population and GDP as factors affecting bank interest rate, concluded that the volume of bank facilities has a negative and significant linear relationship, inflation rate, volume of bank facilities, country's population and GDP have a significant second-degree nonlinear relationship with bank interest rate. Thus, in order to determine the bank interest rate, it is necessary to consider the volume of bank facilities and inflation in order to control inflation and provide the basis for economic growth and development.
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