Number 52 Volume 13

Open Access Article

1 - The Political Economy of Investment in Non-Productive Sectors of Iran
دکتر سیداحسان خاندوزی

The productiveness and flexibility of production against impulses is a prerequisite for the resilience of the Iranian economy. On the other hand, the realization of investment in manufacturing sectors depends more on the political economy of Iran than macroeconomic vari More

The productiveness and flexibility of production against impulses is a prerequisite for the resilience of the Iranian economy. On the other hand, the realization of investment in manufacturing sectors depends more on the political economy of Iran than macroeconomic variable. In the current context of the Iranian economy, interest groups, by expanding the immortal sectors, impede the directing of capital to productive sectors. The phenomenon such as the instability of the industrial development strategy, the role of the interest groups in the immature sectors, and the failure to take policy tools to reduce the unproductive sector's returns has led to the institutionalization of the patient's political economy in the country. In this paper, the effects of political economy on investment in order to realize the strength of the economy are examined and some suggested strategies are proposed to exit from the current situation in order to boost investment in productive sectors Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - The Formation of Rentier State and its Impact on the Collapse of the Second Pahlavi Regime

Aiming to survey how the increase in oil revenue influenced on the collapse of the second Pahlavi regime, the present article is formed based on the theory of “rentier state”. In this regard, the paper maintains that considering Mohammad-Reza`s government as a rentier s More

Aiming to survey how the increase in oil revenue influenced on the collapse of the second Pahlavi regime, the present article is formed based on the theory of “rentier state”. In this regard, the paper maintains that considering Mohammad-Reza`s government as a rentier state would allow to conceive its structure and the ultimate decay. According to the theory, such description might be applicable to those states which a large majority of their overall revenue comes from regular foreign revenue rather than national production cycle. Such performance, negatively affecting the economic, social and political realm of the society, is much likely to end up in the legitimacy crisis and the collapse of the state itself. Accordingly, having become a rentier state from late1950s on, due to the rise in oil revenue, the second Pahlavi reign encountered some negative impact of such situation on its economy, politics, and society, which, all in all, had de-stabilizing effects on regime. Ever-increasing governmental domination over the economy, rise in the proportion of oil-driven revenues in governmental budget and development policies, a more autocrat king, extension of security/ intelligence services and, consequently, a more political oppression, taking control the society by bureaucracy, prevalence of financial corruption and promotion of rent-seeking ethos, and propagating the formal/ government-run culture by the regime are some of the most significant such effects. Hence, this situation caused to a gap between government and the people, their distrust in regime as an illegitimate one, and, consequently, contributed to its collapse in 1979. To explain the data, the present paper takes advantage of a descriptive-analytic method Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - The Impact of Social Collaboration on Economic Growth
Parvaneh Salatin

Nowadays there is another producing element beside the human, financial and economic capitals, named social capital, which is an aspect of social cooperation. This concept refers to connections and communications of members of a network as a valuable source which cause More

Nowadays there is another producing element beside the human, financial and economic capitals, named social capital, which is an aspect of social cooperation. This concept refers to connections and communications of members of a network as a valuable source which cause achievement of goals by creating norms and mutual trust. The governments need the cooperation of public, specially the elites, in execution of economic plans because the cooperation of elites and economic brokers in execution of economic policies of the government shall facilitate the achievement of goals and the feedbacks of the elites to the economic plans of the government may amend the weak points of the government plans and increase the efficiency of the performance of the government. On the other hand the trust of the people to the government may increase their partnership in execution of government plans and political support from the government in such a way that the government may perform its economic, political and social plans more effectively in case of partnership and cooperation of people. the main objective of this paper is analyzing the effect of social cooperation on economic growth in selected middle income countries. The results of the model using fixed effects and Generalized Method of Moments in selected countries in the 2013-1994 shows that the social cooperation has a positive and significant effect on economic growth in selected countries. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Revisiting Social Discount Rate and its Calculating & Applying Approaches
َAmir Hossein Mozayani

In most inter temporal analysis in order to make current and future figures comparable, discounting is inevitable. It is applicable not only in private sector analysis but in public ones. But due to intrinsic differences among these two sectors (such as projects time ho More

In most inter temporal analysis in order to make current and future figures comparable, discounting is inevitable. It is applicable not only in private sector analysis but in public ones. But due to intrinsic differences among these two sectors (such as projects time horizon and intergeneration affairs, externalities, market failure and …) discount rate would be different in public sector as it is known as Social Discount Rate. It defined as the rate in which society evaluate current welfare/ consumption regarding to future one. The nature, scope and approaches to the social discount rate calculation and the countries experiences (including Iran) is the main theme of this article. Finally we led to some applied recommendations, as follows: Countries should take into account their own economic, social, institutional and social conditions in calculating discount rate. Finally, having the unique procedure at the national level in the field of choosing social discount rate is highly recommended for public sector institutions and organizations Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Knowledge Based City As an Interdisciplinary Concept

The emergence of interdisciplinary approach, caused very diverse and wide composing and commingling of different areas. One of the phenomena that it’s interdisciplinary nature is clear, is phenomenon of the city. The concept of "knowledge based city" is very broad and m More

The emergence of interdisciplinary approach, caused very diverse and wide composing and commingling of different areas. One of the phenomena that it’s interdisciplinary nature is clear, is phenomenon of the city. The concept of "knowledge based city" is very broad and may include all aspects of social, economic and cultural dimensions. knowledge based city with the aim of developing based on knowledge, by creating continuous encouragement, sharing, evaluating, modernization and update knowledge. knowledge based city involved diffrent range of sciences such as economy, geography and urban planning and social sciences and many other areas of expertise. knowledge based city is depend on knowledge based development to create continuous encouragement, sharing, evaluating, modernization and update knowledge. This can be achieved through continuous interaction between citizens and at the same time take place between them and citizens of other cities. The method of this article is documentary and library research related method with aims to explore and analyze the concept of knowledge based city. The findings of this research with study few internal And external studies resources, resulting in the presentation of dimensions, elements and indicators category that related to knowledge based city and in other words, identify collaborative and interdisciplinary dimensions of "knowledge based city" concept. In terms of this paper, dimensions of knowledge based city was place economy, sustainable urban design (physical), the development of knowledge based (social) and components and indicators that have been associated with each other. This means that the economic location; components of access to skilled and diverse labor, access to developed infrastructure and location direct costs, appropriate urban design (physical), component of access to scientific and academic environment and the existence of local consumer market and ultimately the development of knowledge based (social) components of culture, have been covered sharing of the knowledge Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - The Sociological Study of the Implications of Cultural the Apartments Life in Iran (Stressing Tehran)

Coincide with the development of modern urban life and to bring one's own culture in community life, culture and traditional life has undergone many change and evolution in come. Development of appartement,s life as an important symbols and indication of new urban life More

Coincide with the development of modern urban life and to bring one's own culture in community life, culture and traditional life has undergone many change and evolution in come. Development of appartement,s life as an important symbols and indication of new urban life, with its cultural implications of intentionally or unintentionally income a lot. This may suggest a positive from the perspective of us or not, but what is definite this kind of life, a lot of impact in the sphere of the culture of the people's lives from the apartment, sometimes accepted by some segments of society is also. This research sought to explain the cultural implications of community life apartment life. In part of theoretical basics, the most important principles of the different schools of scholars studied sociology. In this study, the method of collection, and the questionnaire using the likert range has been formulated, is used. For the analysis of the findings as well as SPSS software was used Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Formal Education and Agricultural Productivity of Labor: Evidence from Iran, MENA and World

The basic pillars of human capital theory have been based upon the importance of farmers' education in increase of their productivity. In effect, the argument is that educated farmers can produce new or more products. The purpose of this paper is to investigate and test More

The basic pillars of human capital theory have been based upon the importance of farmers' education in increase of their productivity. In effect, the argument is that educated farmers can produce new or more products. The purpose of this paper is to investigate and test the impact of formal education in the whole of society, not exclusively in farm households, on productivity of agriculture sector. To do this, three samples including Iran, Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and whole of the world (158 countries) have been used respectively. The prominent feature of current research is use of various measures of education including its quality. Findings, as a whole, suggest that quantitative and qualitative increase of education helps to the rising of agricultural productivity. Therefore, spending resources in education particularly as constructing educational equipment relevant to agriculture in farm regions is an investment with return Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Organizational Entrepreneurship and its Role in Resistance Economy Using Factorial Analysis and Structural Equations

According to the significant and increasing role of knowledge in economy, business, and managerial processes, studying organizational entrepreneurship and its role on resistance economy and its measurement are getting increasingly important. Realizing the supreme leader More

According to the significant and increasing role of knowledge in economy, business, and managerial processes, studying organizational entrepreneurship and its role on resistance economy and its measurement are getting increasingly important. Realizing the supreme leader’s orders, considering the special political and economic conditions and unjust sanctions as well as avoiding mono-product economy, this paper aims at studying organizational entrepreneurship and its role on resistance economy in a reliable manufacturer in Semnan province. The research goal is applied and the gathering method is descriptive-correlational. Gathering the data, a researcher-made questionnaire was used and in analyzing them, Lisrer software and structural equations were used. In this regard, 21 factors as indices of organizational entrepreneurship were formed from the views of experts and the research design. The findings show that restorative economy with 0.78 has the most influence in this model and focusing on the internal manpower, risk-taking and use management have been the most effective indices in the model Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Estimation of Risk and Uncertainty in the Iran’s Labor Market
دليري daler

Occupational concern is one of the most important problems that ever exists. Iran's economy has always faced fluctuations in unemployment and employment rates. In recent years, labor market uncertainty has increased. The main reasons for this increase are as follows: C More

Occupational concern is one of the most important problems that ever exists. Iran's economy has always faced fluctuations in unemployment and employment rates. In recent years, labor market uncertainty has increased. The main reasons for this increase are as follows: Changes in the structure of the economy, the entry of the 60s into the labor market, Reduce labor demand and intensify the recession, this study measured the uncertainty and occupational risk of various categories of sex and geography in the period 1384-1393 using time series data from the labor market. According to the results, labor market uncertainty has been at a low level for most of the categories. In such a way, the certainty of the labor market in the period of 1384-1389 was descending but then increasing. In addition, in recent years urban and rural women have had higher levels of uncertainty than men and women in the Iran. Also, job uncertainty in villages has been more than cities. The study of job insecurity in Iranian provinces also shows that men in the provinces of East Azarbaijan, Golestan and Hormozgan and women in the provinces of East Azarbaijan, Khorasan Razavi and Guilan have the highest level of job uncertainty compared to other provinces Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Analyzing the Strategies for Business Growth and Development in the Field of Industries and Mines (Case Study: South Khorasan Province)

Today, developing and industrial emerging countries attempt to apply effective policies in industrialization process using comparative and competitive advantages in each field of activity. Improvement index of business space is one of the most important indexes, which d More

Today, developing and industrial emerging countries attempt to apply effective policies in industrialization process using comparative and competitive advantages in each field of activity. Improvement index of business space is one of the most important indexes, which draws the status of micro-economy activity space. This study is aimed to investigate the factors affecting business growth and development in South Khorasan industries and Mines. By literature review and experts monitoring, 5factors (financial and capital factor, human factor, raw materials factor, production technology factor, sales market factor) and 20 components were identified. Then, using simple random sampling method, 125 managers of industries and Mines sphere were selected and study questionnaire was distributed among them. After data analysis using single-sample t tests and Friedman test, the results showed that external exchange, available capital and product sales market are the most important components in business development is South Khorasan Manuscript profile

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