The history of twentieth-century urban planning is replete with theories and methods that rely on the ontological, cognitive, and methodological assumptions of the positivist paradigm; In fact, pre-late urban planning of the late 1970s is a legacy of the dominance of th
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The history of twentieth-century urban planning is replete with theories and methods that rely on the ontological, cognitive, and methodological assumptions of the positivist paradigm; In fact, pre-late urban planning of the late 1970s is a legacy of the dominance of the modernist rationalist approach of the 1950s and 1960s. One of the most important theorists of postmodernism is the French philosopher Gilles Deleuze. Deleuze tries to introduce a new look at knowledge by presenting his horizontal and transverse approach to knowledge, which is called "rhizomatic approach"; A view that opposes the tree approach to knowledge and challenges all the different epistemological systems based on the tree approach to knowledge. Deleuze argues that tree systems are linear, hierarchical, static, and vertical, and suggest cuts, divisions, and lines between things. Tree thinking is "thinking", while rhizome thinking is "thinking". The Covid 19 epidemic occurred in the 21st century at a time when various countries were developing and expanding complex relationships around the world, and success was one of the states with the most relationships. The lowest rate. At the beginning of the spread of Covid 19, each country tried to prevent the spread of the epidemic in their own country. Among these, the community-based approach focuses on the role of the voluntary and grassroots sector in local development and the formation of community-based organizations, above all on the role of the voluntary and grassroots sector in local development and the formation of organizations. Emphasis is community-oriented. In this approach, local communities are pioneered, spontaneously organized to achieve common interests and goals, including problem solving, achieving social welfare, and moving beyond the status quo of their local community.
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